Anaemia – What is it?

Anaemia is the condition wherein there is a decreased RBC (red blood cell) level in the blood thereby causing reduced oxygen transport within the system. RBCs are known as the body’s O2 carriers so decreasing their number will lead to body weakness and panting. Because of poor oxygen supply, the gums will also look pale. Minor cases of anemia are manageable but the more severe cases can lead to numerous health problems even when at rest. It is also important to note that many heart ailments can show anaemia-like signs.

In the case of your pet dog, when he or she shows some signs of anaemia, bring your pet to the vet immediately. As soon as the dog’s blood levels have been screened and discovered to be anaemic, there are only two possibilities. One is, whether the dog is having some blood loss and the other is when your pet’s circulatory system has a problem producing red blood cells.

What causes anaemia?

(1) Loss of Blood – this case can occur when your dog is having some degree of blood loss due to trauma which is caused internally or externally. Flea infestation and other blood suckers can also deprive your pet of the much needed supply of oxygen. The worse case could be due to the presence of tumours or illnesses that are the result of rat poisoning and liver diseases. These conditions can cause poor blood clotting. 

(2) RBC Destruction – certain auto-immune diseases and toxins can cause the lysis or destruction of your pet’s red blood cells. 

3) Decreased RBC Production – the same culprits, like those of the first two causes of anemia, can lead to insufficient red blood production. Deprived nutrition and even hypothyroidism can also lead to such. Although not a common ailment in dogs as compared to human cases, anaemia can still occur in your pets. 

Diagnosing Anaemia 

Your vet can readily identify the presence of anaemia in your pet with the pale or light colored mucouse membranes within the walls of the mouth of your dog. The inner side of the dog’s eyelids may look somewhat pale as well. Anaemic dogs will appear groggy and will not be able to tolerate much exercise. In addition, blood tests are often done to check the haematocrit and packed blood volume levels. A decrease to less than 35% may be indicative of the condition. Blood smearing may also be prescribed by the vet to spot out the immature blood cells and parasites. The presence of such may prove that the dog’s bone marrow isn’t producing sufficient blood cells. Other definitive tests like faecal exams, biochemistry profile and biopsies are also possible tests whenever applicable.

Anaemia Treatment

Anaemia treatment is dependent on what causes it. In much graver cases wherein the packed cell volume falls below 10%, blood transfusions may already be required. You need not worry because your vet may already have a prospect donor available to ensure that transfusions will be carried out. Take note, dogs don’t need the routine blood screening tests just to make them eligible for their initial blood transfusion.

This pet health article is for reference only.

If your pet is showing any symptoms or distress, and you suspect your pet is ill CONTACT YOUR VET IMMEDIATELY.