Cauda Equina Syndrome or Lumbosacral Syndrome

Cauda Equina Syndrome or Lumbosacral Syndrome

Overview

Cauda equina is a syndrome affecting the lumbosacral region. This junction is situated somewhere in the lower back wherein the lumbar vertebrae of the spinal column literally connects to the sacrum (the part connecting the pelvis). This region is very important because it is the only link between the dog’s hind legs and the pelvis with the rest of the animal’s body. Thus, it must be able to deal all the great forces and external physical or mechanical pressures applied on it.

The etymology of the term cauda equina is derived from Latin which literally translates into ‘horse tail.’ This description clearly fits the appearance of the spinal cord located at this region, which is composed of numerous nerve fibres running through the spine.

What are the probable causes of cauda equina syndrome?

The usual cause of the ailment is a protruding inter vertebral disc, a cartilaginous disc situated in a gap between the sacrum and the terminal end of the lumbar vertebra. Nevertheless, this condition can also occur because of the presence of tumours, trauma, infection and joint instability.

What are the usual symptoms of this condition?

When certain trauma and abnormal protrusions press towards the lumbosacral region, then this brings forth unbearable pain because of nerve compression within the spinal canal. In this connection, the canine will look hunch backed and will no longer be able to jump or run. Rising is even hindered because it causes so much pain for the pet. Moreover, when the nerves are compressed there will be some alterations in perception and locomotion like the weakening of the tail and the hind legs. The dog may even experience both faecal and urinary incontinence.

Lastly, the abnormality brought upon by severe compression will alter the normal gait and body movements of the dog. Thus, he might fall easily or at least, always appear to be falling when walking – a condition described as ataxia. His movements will become uncoordinated overall.

How is cauda equina diagnosed?

X-ray is normally the first diagnostic examination performed on your pet. However, this exam is not a guarantee that it can clearly spot the abnormalities occurring within the bone or spine. It will not tell the specific extent of damage. Hence, more complicated diagnostic tests like myelogram and MRI (completely known as magnetic resonance imaging) will be prescribed. Myelogram is similar to X-ray but it is more focused on the spinal region. It also makes use of a contrast medium to visualize the area being examined much clearly. The MRI is also like an X-ray but it utilizes the principles of magnetic fields and ionizing radiation instead of X-rays in the form of photons. Thus the result is a more detailed picture of the examined area.

What are the treatment options?

Treating cauda equina depends on what caused the problem in the first place. The combination of providing adequate rest and anti inflammation medications is important in decreasing the symptoms. Surgery is also another option. This is usually performed when the case involves both paralysis and incontinence. This approach entails the removal of some part of the bony wall of the lower vertebrae so as to lessen the pressure. This process is specifically termed laminectomy. 

Disclaimer

This pet health article is for reference only.

If your pet is showing any symptoms or distress, and you suspect your pet is ill CONTACT YOUR VET IMMEDIATELY.